NR 503-MIDTERM EXAM UPDATED VERSION 2023 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS GUARANTEED A+ 4 Types of Causation - Correct Ans1) Necessary-disease only occurs is disease is present 2) Sufficient-Exposure always leads to disease 3) Necessary BUT not sufficient: factors happen in a temporal sequence. 4) Sufficient BUT not necessary: A specific factor can cause a disease process, but other factors can cause the same disease. 5) Neither sufficient NOR necessary: Specific factor can be combined with other factors to produce a disease 6 ways to establish causation - Correct Ans1) Temporal relationship-associated factor must be present before the disease 2) Strength of association-The stronger the relationship, the more likely it is casual 3)Dose-response relationship-dose increases, so does the risk of development of the disease 4)replication of findings-findings can be found repeated in other studies 5) Biological plausibility-current knowledge on the factor or exposure and the response of the human body on the cellular level is consistent with the findings Absolute Risk - Correct AnsIncidence of a disease in a population Active Surviellance - Correct AnsCase by case basis Each specific person's information is entered into a database. Aggregate - Correct Ansdefined population Analytic Study Methods - Correct AnsConsists of observational and