Public Health And Epidemiology

PH 520 Epidemiology I: Basic PrinciplesHOMEWORK - CHAPTER 3Discuss how infectious and noninfectious diseases relate to communicable and noncommunicable diseases and conditions.Infectious disease: infectious diseases and conditions are mostly communicable in nature, implying that they can be transmitted from a reservoir to a susceptible person via disease carrying agents or vectors. An example of such a disease is HIV/AIDS or chickenpox. Noninfectious disease: noninfectious diseases are mainly non-communicable in nature. As the term non-communicable implies, these diseases or conditions are normally not transmitted from one person to another. They are caused by environmental factors. Examples include cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.Differentiate between vertical and horizontal transmission and give an example of each.Vertical transmission: transmission of an infection or a disease-causing pathogen from a parent directly to an offspring, mainly during pregnancy, during birth or after birth through feeding. An example of such infection is HIV, which is known to ne able to cross the placenta barrier to the child during pregnancy, during birth or via breast milk. Horizontal transmission: this transmission mainly occurs between individuals of the same generation, during interaction, contact or via exposure to the pathogens via air, food or other sources