509 Final Exam With Complete Solutions

Hepatitis A transmission {Ans: fecal-oral route}s/s of proctitis {Ans: Anorectal pain, itching, tenesmus, or discharge or bleeding from infection or rectal abscess suggest proctitis. -anal fissures}Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) {Ans: -Caused by overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria (often from sex) - Discharge: Gray or white, thin, homogenous, malodorous, coats the vaginal walls, usually not profuse, may be minimal - Fishy/musty genital odor -Normal vulva and vaginal mucosa -Scan saline wet mount for clue cells (epithelial cells with stippled borders); sniff for fishy odor after applying KOH ("whiff test"); test the vaginal secretions for pH > 4.5}s/s of thrombophlebitis {Ans: Local swelling, redness, warmth, and a subcutaneous cord signal superficial thrombophlebitis, an emerging risk factor for DVT}s/s gestational HTN {Ans: systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) >90 mm Hg first documented after 20 weeks, without proteinuria or preeclampsia, that resolves by 12 weeks postpartum.}Forms of urinary incontinence {Ans: -Stress: Increased abdominal pressure causes bladder pressure to exceed urethral resistance—there is poor urethral sphincter tone or poor support of bladder neck. - Urge: urgency is followed by involuntary leakage due to uncontrolled detrusor contractions that overcome urethral resistance. - Overflow: neurologic disorders